Following the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections, mainstream media repeatedly characterized the nearly even split of votes between Republican and Democratic candidates as evidence that the nation had become "polarized." This assumed that the parties were greatly different and that voters passionately supported one or the other, assumptions that conlicted with ground truth. Nevertheless, the "polarization" theory persisted, confusing voters who otherwise might have found common ground in breaking the two-party stranglehold on the political process.

Year after year, large numbers of callers to CSPAN radio, including registered Republicans and Democrats as well as independent voters,  have complained that the parties are frustratingly similar and neither represents voter interests.  Polls, too, show that, year after year, voters have a low opinion of Congress.